Performance evaluation of a solarized gas turbine system integrated to a high temperature electrolyzer for hydrogen production

In this paper, the performance of a solar gas turbine (SGT) system integrated to a high temperature electrolyzer (HTE) to generate hybrid electrical power and hydrogen fuel is analyzed. The idea behind this design is to mitigate the losses in the electrical power transmission and use the enthalpy of exhaust gases released from the gas turbine (GT) to make steam for the HTE. In this context, a GT system is coupled with a solar tower including heliostat solar field and central receiver to generate electrical power. To make steam for the HTE, a flameless boiler is integrated to the SGT system applying the SGT extremely high temperature exhaust gases as the oxidizer. The results indicate that by increasing the solar receiver outlet temperature from 800 K to 1300 K, the solar share increases from 22.1% to 42.38% and the overall fuel consumption of the plant reduces from 7 kg/s to 2.7 kg/s. Furthermore, flameless mode is achievable in the boiler while the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is maintained at the temperatures higher than 1314 K. Using constant amounts of the SGT electrical power, the HTE voltage decreases by enhancing the HTE steam temperature which result in the augmentation of the overall hydrogen production. To increase the HTE steam temperature from 950 K to 1350 K, the rate of fuel consumption in the flameless boiler increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.8 m/s; however, since the HTE hydrogen production increases from 4.24 mol/s to 16 mol/s it can be interpreted that the higher steam temperatures would be affordable. The presented hybrid system in this paper can be employed to perform more thermochemical analyses to achieve insightful understanding of the hybrid electrical power-hydrogen production systems.     

7055-T7951铝合金热轧厚板微观组织及非均匀力学行为研究

本文对工业级7055-T7951铝合金热轧厚板的合金成分、室温拉伸性能、显微组织以及织构特征等进行了实验分析,对该板材的微观组织状态、力学性能各向异性与织构特征关系进行了详细研究,结果表明：该板材镁元素含量总体处于下限水平,难溶的合金化合物很少,晶内的析出相主要为h＇相和少量的h相,材料处于轻微过时效状态。板材存在明显的力学性能各向异性,沿轧制方向及横向的屈服及抗拉强度相近且明显优于与轧制方向呈45°方向上的指标。板材中心层各方位上的强度指标均优于表层对应方位上的指标,并且中心层的力学性能各向异性强于表层。该板材中心层有较为强烈的轧制类织构Brass和S,而表层则是以再结晶织构R为主。基于施密特定律研究了板材不同厚度层不同拉伸方向上平均屈服强度与施密特因子间的定性关系,探讨了织构特征对热轧厚板非均匀力学行为的影响规律。     

Single-phase and binary phase nanogranular ferrites for magnetic hyperthermia application

The study demonstrates the performance of heating efficiency in single-phase and binary phase spinel ferrite nanosystems. Ferrimagnetic cobalt ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) (CFO) and superparamagnetic copper ferrite/copper oxide (CuFe₂O₄/CuO) (CuF) nanosystems of different particle sizes were synthesized through a microwave-assisted coprecipitation method. The heating behavior was observed in range of both field amplitudes (8-24 kA/m at 516 kHz) and frequencies (325-973 kHz at 12 kA/m). The heating efficiency was analyzed and compared by means of particle size, magnetization, effective anisotropy constant, and Néel relaxation mechanism. Indeed, the heating rate was maximized in larger ferrite particles with low effective anisotropy constant. Moreover, though the magnetization and effective anisotropy constant of single-phase CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles were higher, the binary phase CuFe₂O₄/CuO nanosystems of similar crystallite size (28 nm) exhibited superior heating efficiency (4.21°C/s). For a field amplitude and frequency of 24 kA/m and 516 kHz, the heating rate of CuF and CFO ferrites with different crystallite sizes decreased in the order of 4.21 > 2.14 > 0.58 > 0.52°C/s for 29 nm > 25 nm > 12 nm > 15 nm, respectively. The results emphasize that binary phase ferrite nanoparticles are better thermoseeds than the single-phase ferrites for the magnetic hyperthermia application.     

Experimental and numerical assessment of energy absorption capacity of thin-walled Al 5083 tube produced by PTCAP process

The energy absorption capacity of the Al5083 thin-walled tube produced by parallel tubular angular pressing (PTCAP) process was evaluated. Also, microstructure, mechanical properties, and anisotropy coefficients were studied in the peripheral and axial directions. Results showed that values of energy absorption decreased with processing pass increasing and the values for the unprocessed, first and second passes were obtained to be 167, 161.4 and 160.7 J, respectively. The differences between the simulation results for the energy absorption values and their experimental values for the unprocessed, the first and the second PTCAP passes samples are about 5%, 10%, and 13%, respectively. The energy absorption capacity was related to the anisotropy coefficient and microstructure. The results demonstrated that grain refinement occurred and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness after the first and second PTCAP passes were enhanced, while the increase rate in the first pass was much severer. Also, by applying PTCAP, the deformation modes were altered, such that the deformation mode of the annealed tube was quite symmetrical and circular while for the first and second passes there have been triple and double lobes diamond. The results of the numerical simulation for the deformation mode of the annealed and PTCAPed tubes were consistent with the experimental results. The deformation mode of tubes is dependent on their mechanical properties and variation of the mechanical properties during PTCAP process.     

基于变权与正态云理论的煤矿安全评价及应用

为准确对煤矿安全状态作出客观评价,综合考虑评估过程中指标的模糊性和状态随机性,构建基于变权与正态云理论的煤矿安全状态评估模型。结合正态云的数字特征量期望、熵、超熵组成的特定结构函数确定安全状态评判矩阵,得出各评价指标隶属于不同等级的确定度。同时为了避免常权方法确定权重的局限性及突出关键指标对综合评判结果的影响,引入变权理论对常权权重进行处理得到变权。结合实例研究,发现基于变权云理论评判方法对取值较差的指标作用不会被其他指标作用中和,可以有效地反映煤矿的真实安全状态,能够为煤矿的安全风险预测提供了一种技术途径。     

基于岩石破裂特征及能量演化的致密砂岩脆性指数优选

脆性参数是致密油“三品质”评价中完井品质评价的重要敏感参数之一。采用岩心三轴岩石力学参数测试方法，基于岩石破裂特征及岩石破裂过程中的能量演化优选出适用于鄂尔多斯盆地定边油田长7段致密砂岩储层的脆性指数计算方法。首次应用裂缝体积密度计算方法对岩石破裂复杂程度进行了定量表征，表征结果与岩石的弹性模量、抗压强度呈正相关；与泊松比、峰值应变呈负相关。通过对岩石力学参数各向异性系数C1和C2的分析，认为弹性模量和泊松比对各向异性更为敏感，两者构建的脆性参数更能体现岩石的脆性特征。基于岩石破裂的能量演化过程，将峰值强度前后能量变化大小与变化速率相结合，构建脆性评价新指标BEC，其与裂缝体积密度及前人提出的脆性评价指标均具有较好的相关性。以BEC为衡量标准优选出适合研究区致密砂岩储层的脆性指数E/μ，该指数与研究区直井试油试采的初周日产液呈正比关系。研究结果为研究区水平井水力压裂施工时指示有利压裂层段提供了科学依据。     

Effects of cross rolling on texture,mechanical properties and anisotropy of pure Mo plates

To clarify the influence of the deformation texture on the mechanical properties, pure Mo plates were processed by various cross rolling procedures, and the relation among texture, microstructure and mechanical properties was discussed. The results show that cross rolling of the Mo plates is beneficial for the formation of the rotated cube component, i.e., {001}〈110〉. The corresponding orientation density exhibits a positive correlation with the total rolling deformation and the current-pass deformation. When the total deformation is 96% or greater, the Mo plates form a texture orientation dominated by {001}〈110〉, whereas the γ-fibre texture becomes weaker and the cube texture {100}〈100〉 disappears completely. The presence of {001}〈110〉 has great effects on the properties of cross-rolled Mo plates, which is beneficial for strength enhancement and plasticity reduction in both the rolling direction (RD) and the transverse direction (TD).     

Deposition-environment-dependent structural and magnetic property modification of [111]-oriented epitaxial CoFe2O4 films

We examined the magnetic, structural, and chemical properties of CoFe₂O₄ films deposited on Al₂O₃ substrates using RF-magnetron sputtering under Ar and Ar + O₂ environments. Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with large magnetization was observed in the case of the film deposited under the Ar + O₂ environment. However, no significant anisotropy appeared in the film deposited under the Ar environment. Interestingly, depth-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectra showed nearly identical stoichiometric ratios of Co/Fe and oxygen vacancies regardless of the deposition environment. Structurally, high-quality crystallinity with in-plane compressive strain, and lower surface and interfacial roughness were induced in the film deposited under the Ar + O₂ environment. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and X-ray reflectivity measurements showed that oxygen not only suppressed the deposition rate but also increased the electron density of the film, resulting in better crystallinity. Hence, the presence of oxygen during deposition should be considered as one of the essential parameters for improving the structural and magnetic properties of ferrite films.     

Anisotropic elasto-plastic solutions for cavity expansion problem in saturated soil mass

On the basis of the yield criterion of Matsuoka and Nakai (1974), novel elasto-plastic solutions are obtained for the cavity expansion problem in an anisotropic medium. The solutions are formulated by employing a small-strain analysis in an elastic zone and a large-strain analysis in a plastic zone around the cavity in a soil mass. In light of the initial condition, the plastic radius and the stress in the plastic zone are derived by incorporating the large-strain analysis, the influence of stress anisotropy (K0) and the non-associated flow rule, and two fundamental solutions for the cavity expansion problem under undrained and drained conditions are presented in an anisotropic soil mass. Finally, a comparison with the previous results is performed for verification.     

Crystal anisotropy-dependent shear angle variation in orthogonal cutting of single crystalline copper

Shear deformation that dominates elementary chip formation in metal cutting greatly relies on crystal anisotropy. In the present work we investigate the influence of crystallographic orientation on shear angle in ultra-precision orthogonal diamond cutting of single crystalline copper by joint crystal plasticity finite element simulations and in-situ experiments integrated in scanning electron microscope. In particular, the experimental cutting conditions including a straight cutting edge are the same with that used in the 2D finite element simulations. Both simulations and experiments demonstrate a well agreement in chip profile and shear angle, as well as their dependence on crystallography. A series of finite element simulations of orthogonal cutting along different cutting directions for a specific crystallographic orientation are further performed, and predicated values of shear angle are used to calibrate an extended analytical model of shear angle based on the Ernst–Merchant relationship.